Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Smooth Muscle Actin(ACTA2/791 +1A4), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Actin is a major component of the cytoskeleton and is present in most cell types. It is highly specific to actin from smooth muscles. This MAb does not stain cardiac or skeletal muscle; however, it does stain myofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells. This antibody could be used together with anti-muscle specific actin and myogenin in making a diagnosis of smooth muscle and skeletal muscle tumors. In most cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, this antibody yields negative results whereas anti-muscle specific actin and myogenin are positive. Leiomyosarcomas are positive only with anti-muscle specific actin and anti-smooth muscle actin and are negative with anti-myogenin.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence a
Biotium Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2)(COX2/3232R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Prostaglandins are a diverse group of autocrine and paracrine hormones that mediate many cellular and physiologic processes. Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) is an intermediate molecule in formation of the prostaglandins. Cyclooxygenase-1 (Cox-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) are prostaglandin synthases that catalyze the formation of PGH2 from arachidonic acid (AA). Cox-1 and Cox-2 are isozymes of prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase (PTGS). Cox-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and is thought to serve in general housekeeping functions. Cox-2 is efficiently induced in migratory cells responding to pro-inflammatory stimuli and is considered to be an important mediator of inflammation. Both enzymes are targets for the nonsteroidal therapeutic anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs. COX2 expression is significantly increased in 85-90% of human colorectal adenocarcinomas whereas levels of COX-1 are not changed. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluores
Biotium Napsin-A(NAPSA/1239), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Napsin is a pepsin-like aspartic proteinase connected with maturation of surfactant protein B.There are two closely related napsins, napsin A and napsin B. Napsin A is expressed as a single chain protein. Immunohistochemical studies revealed high expression levels of napsin A in human lung and kidney but low expression in spleen. Napsin A is expressed in type II pneumocytes and in adenocarcinomas of lung. The high specificity expression of napsin A in adenocarcinomas of lung is useful to distinguish primary lung adenocarcinomas from adenocarcinomas of other organs.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cytokeratin 7(KRT7/1198), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes an intermediate filament protein (IFP) of 55 kDa, which is identified as cytokeratin 7. This MAb is highly specific to cytokeratin 7 and shows no cross-reaction with other IFPs. Cytokeratin 7 is a basic cytokeratin, which is found in most glandular and transitional epithelia but not in the stratified squamous epithelia. Keratin 7 is expressed in the epithelial cells of ovary, lung, and breast but not of colon, prostate, or gastrointestinal tract. This MAb is highly useful in distinguishing ovarian carcinomas (keratin 7 ) from colon carcinomas (keratin 7-).Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Desmin (Muscle Cell Marker) (DES/1711), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytoskeletal intermediate filaments (IFs) constitute a diverse group of proteins that are expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner. IFs are constructed from two-chain alpha-helicalcoiled-coil molecules arranged on an imperfect helical lattice, and have been widely used as markers for distinguishing individual cell types within a tissue and identifying the origins of metastatic tumors. Vimentin is an IF general marker of cells originating in the mesenchyme. Vimentin and Desmin, a related class III IF, are both expressed during skeletal muscle development. Desmin, a 469 amino acid protein found near the Z line in sarcomeres, is expressed more frequently in adult differentiated state tissues. Anti-desmin detects cells of normal smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles. The antibody reacts with leiomyomas, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyomas, rhabdomyosarcoma, and perivascular cells of glomus tumors of the skin.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluor
Biotium Cytokeratin 18 (KRT18) (KRT18/2819R), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb reacts with a wide variety of simple epithelia. It does not react with stratified squamous epithelia. It reacts with epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid. Cytokeratin 18, which belongs to the type A (acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins, exists in combination with cytokeratin 8. It was reported that tissues from gastrointestinal tract are positive for both cytokeratin 8 and 18 but do not contain cytokeratin 14. Tissues from gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, as well as endocrine and exocrine tissues and mesothelial cells are positive for cytokeratin 18.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence
Biotium Cytokeratin 13 (Non-Keratinized Squamous Epithelial Marker)(KRT13/2213), CF594 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytokeratin 13 (KRT13) is the major acidic keratin, which together with KRT4, its basic partner, is expressed in the suprabasal layers of non-cornified stratified epithelia including tongue mucosa, esophagus, anal canal epithelium, tracheal epithelium, uterine cervix, and urothelium. Defects in the KRT13 gene are a cause of white sponge nevus of cannon (WSN), a rare autosomal dominant disorder, which predominantly affects non-cornified stratified squamous epithelia and is characterized by the presence of soft, white and spongy plaques in the oral mucosa. KRT13 has been used as a marker for non-keratinized squamous epithelium. It is also expressed in various squamous metaplasia, but it is down regulated in squamous dysplasia and squamous carcinoma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M a
Biotium Prohibitin (Mitochondrial Marker)(PHB/3230), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 30 kDa which is identified as Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved protein with homologues found in yeast to man. It is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Although prohibitin mRNA and protein expression occurs throughout the cell cycle, maximum levels are detected during the G1/S phase transition and minimum levels are seen in S phase and the G2/mitosis boundary. Prohibitin is located exclusively in the mitochondria with the highest concentration on the inner membrane. Prohibitin is an ideal mitochondrial marker. It shows antiproliferative activity and has been proposed to play a role in normal cell cycle regulation, replicative senescence, cellular immortalization, and tumor suppression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended fo
Biotium Fodrin / Alpha Spectrin II (SPTAN1) / NEAS(SPTAN1/3352), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Spectrin, an actin binding protein that is a major component of the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane, is essential in determining the properties of the membrane including its shape and deformability. Spectrins function as membrane organizers and stabilizers, composed of nonhomologous II, a neuronal cytoskeleton protein. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cytokeratin, Multi (Epithelial Marker)(rKRT/457), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6. 0) subfamilies. This antibody recognizes acidic (Type I or LMW) and basic (Type II or HMW) cytokeratins, including 59 kDa (CK4); 58 kDa (CK5); 56 kDa (CK6); 52 kDa (CK8); 56. 5 kDa (CK10); 53 kDa (CK13) and 45 kDa (CK18). This is a broad-spectrum antibody, which has been reported to differentiate epithelial tumors from non-epithelial tumors. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium PAX8 (Renal Cell Marker)(PAX8/1491 + PAX8/1492), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 62 kDa, identified as PAX8. It is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. This nuclear protein is involved in thyroid follicular cell development and expression of thyroid-specific genes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid follicular carcinomas, and atypical thyroid adenomas. PAX-8 is expressed in the thyroid (and associated carcinomas), non-ciliated mucosal cells of the fallopian tubes, and simple ovarian inclusion cysts, but not normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. PAX-8 is expressed in a high percentage of ovarian serous, endometrioid, and clear cell carcinomas, but only rarely in primary ovarian mucinous adenocarcinomas. PAX-8 expression is reported in renal tubules as well as renal cell carcinoma, nephroblastoma, and seminoma. PAX-8 antibody may be used as an additional immunohistochemical marker for renal epithelial tumors. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a
Biotium ARF1 (Golgi Apparatus Marker)(3F1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family comprises a group of structurally and functionally conserved proteins, which are members of the Ras superfamily of regulatory GTP-binding proteins. The ARF family is divided functionally into the ARF and the ARF-like proteins. ARF's share more than 60% sequence identity, appear to be ubiquitous in eukaryotes, and are highly conserved evolutionarily. ARF is involved in intracellular protein traffic to and within the Golgi complex. ARF has a number of disparate activities including maintenance of organelle integrity, assembly of coat proteins, as a co-factor for cholera toxin and as an activator of phospholipase D. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescenc
Biotium Bcl-X (Apoptosis Marker)(BCL2L1/1762), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Bcl-x belongs to the Bcl-2 family of proteins and plays a crucial role in apoptosis. Bcl-X has two isoforms: Bcl-XL (long), a 26 kDa protein which suppresses cell death, and Bcl-XS (short), a 178 amino acid protein lacking a 63 amino acid domain which functions as a dominant inhibitor of Bcl-2 and promotes apoptosis. This MAb reacts with both Bcl-XS and Bcl-XL proteins, and shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-2 or Bax proteins.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium gp100 / Melanosome / PMEL17 / SILV (Melanoma Marker) (PMEL/1825R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize melanoma-associated antigens, which belong to three main groups. These groups include tumor-associated testis-specific antigens, melanocyte differentiation antigens and mutated or aberrantly expressed antigens, which are routinely used as markers to identify melanomas based on their binding to specific monoclonal antibodies. gp100, also designated ME20-M, ME20-S and PMEL 17, is classified as a melanocyte differentiation antigen and is expressed at low levels in normal cell lines and tissues, but is upregulated in melanocytes. gp100 is a highly glycosylated protein. It is also the product of proteolytic cleavage, which results in a secreted protein.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, becau
Biotium Epstein-Barr Virus (LMP-1)(CS1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody is a mixture of four different monoclonal antibodies. This antibody is specific to 60 kDa latent membrane protein (LMP-1) encoded by the BNLF1 gene of the EBV. Each clone reacts with different epitopes on the hydrophilic C-terminus of the cytoplasmic domain of LMP-1. This antibody stains strongly with EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines and EBV infected B cell immunoblasts in infectious mononucleosis. EBV, also designated human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is a member of the herpesvirus family and is one of the most common human viruses. EBV infects B cells and, though often asymptomatic, it can cause infectious mononucleosis, a disease characterized by fatigue, fever, sore throat and muscle soreness. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low